Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
The most widely used regenerative cells in longevity and regenerative medicine
Definition
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells found in bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and other tissues. Their primary therapeutic mechanism is not differentiation into new tissues but rather their paracrine effect: they secrete anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β), growth factors, and exosomes that modulate the immune system, stimulate local regeneration, and reduce cellular senescence in the microenvironment.
Detailed explanation
MSCs have three principal clinical sources: adipose tissue (minimally invasive liposuction, abundant and easy to obtain), bone marrow (more invasive, greater potency), and umbilical cord (allogeneic, young, no patient extraction required).
Their immunomodulatory properties make them particularly valuable in autoimmune diseases, advanced osteoarthritis, and systemic longevity protocols. Studies in Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2020) show a 70% reduction in systemic inflammatory markers following IV infusion.
In Spain, MSC therapies require specific authorisation from AEMPS under the advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) regulatory framework. Clinics operating legally use GMP-certified products with full traceability from the donor.
Exosomes derived from MSCs are an emerging cell-free alternative that replicates many of the therapeutic effects with a lower regulatory risk profile.
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